Which of the following is a likely consequence of proportional representation systems?
a. They lead to greater stability in government.
b. They encourage greater turnout among voters who support minor parties.
c. They lead to lower overall voter turnout.
d. They lead to lower overall spending on campaigns.
Answer: b
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In regard to the federal bureaucracy, the President of the United States is at the top of the executive branch hierarchy because
a. Congress mandated that structure when it created the Executive Office of the President. b. No one else wants the job. c. it is most efficient to have one person who can make final decisions and solve conflicts. d. he or she is an elected representative of the American people. E. the Constitution makes the President the chief administrator of the Federal Government.
Postcolonial leaders of the 20th Century clearly demonstrated that national identities are socially constructed by __________
a. taking over other former colonies and socializing citizens, often by force, to think of themselves as belonging to another country b. using them in an instrumental fashion, strictly to gain legitimacy and power on the world stage c. arguing that they could make nations out of often disparate peoples by using the same state machinery used by their former colonizers d. instituting successful programs to ‘Europeanize’ their populations