Professor Charles Lindblom in the 1950s described the domestic policymaking process as the “science of muddling through.” What was meant by this statement?
a. Officials must often resort to incremental and haphazard breakthroughs when creating policies.
b. Creating confusion can be intentional, and some make it as complicated as possible.
c. Muddling implies confusion, but often what appears to be muddling is intentional tactics designed to stall progress.
d. Legislators rarely do anything intentionally.
e. Muddling implies that something is actually pretty simple, thus creating public policy is not as difficult as some claim.
ANS: A
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The chief justice of the Supreme Court always assigns the writing of the majority opinion of the Court
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
What was the effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?
a. South Carolina called for immediate secession. b. It cemented the celebrity of its author, Abraham Lincoln. c. It effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820. d. It placed the nation on track for emancipation within five years. e. It tipped the balance of free and slave states toward freedom.