Luke would like to know if there is a relationship between the number of psychology courses people take and their level of empathy. He surveys a randomly selected group of college students. Each student indicates the number of psychology courses he or she has taken and then completes an empathy scale. Luke's research is best described as a(n)

According to Kohlberg's view of moral development, if Marty decides a behavior is right or wrong on the basis of whether it is rewarded or punished, he is using reasoning that is typical of which of the following?

a. the conventional level of moral reasoning b. the individual principles stage of moral reasoning c. the social conformity stage of moral reasoning d. the preconventional level of moral reasoning

Intensive, naturalistic observation studies of 3-year-olds (Tudge et al., 2006) in four different cultures showed the most common activity to be

a. lessons. b. work. c. play. d. conversation.