Research by economists Martin Hackmann, Amanda Kowalski, and Jonathan Kolstad indicates that the individual mandate provision of the Massachusetts health care program was responsible for a(n) ________ in premiums and the mandate helped to ________

Economists argue that the corporate income tax is an example of a tax with a high deadweight loss because

A) it encourages corporations to seek ways to evade taxes. B) taxing a corporation's income amounts to double taxing the earnings on individual shareholders' investments in corporations. C) some of the burden of the tax is passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices. D) it discourages corporations from undertaking capital investments to enhance market competitiveness.

For a monopolistically competitive firm, which of the following is ensured by product differentiation?

a. Long-run profit b. Market power c. Economies of scale d. Increasing returns to scale