How do states and cities influence federal policy in contemporary politics?
a. State legislatures elect senators to Congress.
b. State legislatures pass preemption statutes.
c. States and cities bring cases to the attention of the Supreme Court.
d. States and cities control the salaries of representatives.
e. States and cities hire lobbyists.
ANS: E
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By helping office holders plan legislation and assemble legislative coalitions, among other things, lobbyists
a. will mostly change the minds of legislators about issues. b. have almost eliminated the role of the parties from the legislative process. c. have removed the political consideration of the reaction of voters from the legislative process. d. will not so much change minds as activate politicians are already on their side.
Which of these is a true statement concerning gay and lesbian rights?
A. Sodomy laws are constitutional according to the U.S. Supreme Court. B. Gays and lesbians have traditionally faced only overt discrimination. C. Gays and lesbians make up a smaller percentage of the electorate than Hispanics. D. Gay and lesbian interest groups give substantial amounts of money to political campaigns.