Operant behavior is usually defined as a ______ of responses rather than a specific response.

Dr. Astin often treats individuals who have symptoms of major depression. During the initial treatment, Dr. Astin often prescribes antidepressants, but during the course of therapy, he also encourages patients to recognize and change negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs. He believes that drug treatment can be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression, but only by understanding the

causes of their depression will individuals be able to prevent relapses. Dr. Astin's approach to therapy could best be described as: a. a behavioral approach b. an eclectic approach c. a psychodynamic approach d. a rational-emotive approach

Which statement is TRUE regarding women and/or ethnic minorities in the field of psychology?

a. ?Women did not make any significant contributions to the field of psychology until the last 50 years. b. ?Ethnic minorities did not make any significant contributions to the field of psychology until the last 50 years. c. ?Although ethnic minorities made significant contributions in psychology from the very beginning, women did not make any contributions until the last 50 years. d. ?Both women and ethnic minorities made significant contributions to the field of psychology from the early years of its history.