According to the chapter on optimism and pessimism (Chapter 17), which is true?
a. Measures of optimism and pessimism ironically tend not to be predictive of religious satisfaction.
b. An outcome expectancy refers to the process whereby one’s expectation for the future leads him or her to behave in a way that increases the probability that what is expected will be realized.
c. There are methodological reasons why one should not conclude that the American-Japanese differences that were found in Chang et al.’s (2001) research on optimistic bias and pessimistic bias were caused by differences in culture.
d. Measures of pessimism predict religious attentiveness.
Ans: C
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