Tim is 80 years old, and he spends several hours per day reading, writing, and playing board games. Tim's activities reduce his risk of age-related decline in

Memories for a response may be erased by

a. administering an electroconvulsive shock to the brain prior to training on a task. b. injecting subjects with adrenaline after learning. c. administering an electroconvulsive shock to the brain immediately after training. d. putting the subject into hibernation or some other inactive state immediately after training.

If an intelligence test administered to 6th graders correlates strongly with the high school GPAs of these students, it can be concluded that the test has high __________ validity

a. concurrent b. predictive c. construct d. none of the above