This 2001 legislative act raised significant constitutional questions with regard to issues such as executive power and surveillance of citizens.

The principle of velayat-e-faqih asserts that:

a. only the Madhi can be the ruler of Iran. b. the Shiite branch of Islam is most faithful to the Prophet's teachings. c. a cleric should be the ruler of Iran. d. there is a role for both elected and nonelected institutions in Iran.

Which of these is an example of discretionary spending?

a. Unemployment benefits b. Medicare c. NASA d. Food stamps