The needs that appear to be innate but are not necessary for survival, such as the needs for activity, exploration, manipulation, and physical contact are called __________ motives

One of the appeals of PDP is that it is:

A) based on neuroanatomical functioning B) based on a medical model C) based on a computer metaphor D) a simpler model than the information processing model E) based on a pedagogical model

When dealing with studies that make use of pre-post testing strategies, researchers need to be careful with what the subjects experience during the time that elapses between the pretest and posttest

If subjects are affected by variables other than the independent variable during this time, the study is confounded by the factor of a. regression to the mean. b. testing changes. c. sensitization. d. history.