One important limitation of the experimental design is that
when research participants know what condition they have been assigned to, this knowledge, rather than the independent variable, may be the cause of the differences observed in the dependent variable. This is known as the _____ effect.
Fill in the blank with correct word
Answer: placebo (nocebo is also correct)
Psychology
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Most token economy conditioning strategies use chips, tokens, or points as _____ reinforcers
Fill in the blank with correct word
Psychology
This is a segment of a chromosome that encodes the directions for the inherited physical and mental characteristics of an organism:
a. RNA b. phenotype c. genotype d. DNA e. gene
Psychology