The placebo effect refers to
A) relief from symptoms without psychotherapy
B) the alleviation of depression and anxiety by means of aerobic exercise
C) the use of drugs in the treatment of psychological disorders
D) the beneficial consequences of merely expecting that a treatment will be effective.
Ans: D) the beneficial consequences of merely expecting that a treatment will be effective.
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What would have been John B. Watson's biggest objection to the theories of Sigmund Freud and the psychodynamic school of thought?
a. The unconscious is not the same in every human being, and so it is not a stable concept that can be explored scientifically. b. Freud's theories do not acknowledge that there is any influence of our environment upon our psychological development. c. Freud's theories, and the psychodynamic approach that followed, were far too conservative and limited by the Victorian times in which he lived. d. Freud's main concept, the unconscious, was an internal process that could not be observed, measured, or validated.
Children who tend to lack spontaneity and warmth and tend to fear or hate their parents were probably raised under a harsh version of which discipline approach?
a. permissive b. power assertion c. authoritative d. management techniques