Fragmentation is likely to occur when one's constructs are
a) incorporated or copied from other people.
b) either impermeable and concrete or undergoing change.
c) easily penetrated by any new experiences.
d) broadly applied to new experiences of the person.
Answer: b) either impermeable and concrete or undergoing change.
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If students who complete a study skills course raised their grade point averages, can we conclude that the course caused their improvement?
a. Yes, because the scientific data was collected. b. Yes, because a negative correlation exists between these students' grade point averages before and after taking the course. c. Yes, because the course resulted in a self-fulfilling prophecy. d. No, because there was no control group.
You see a friend of yours at a store, and her eyes are red and full of tears
You immediately go over to comfort her, assuming she has had another fight with her boyfriend. As you get to her, you ask what that "awful guy has done to her now." Your friend acts surprised that you would criticize the "love of her life." When you ask why she is crying, she tells you that her allergies are really acting up, and she is at the store to buy some allergy medicine. Your error with your friend occurred because you a. failed to distinguish between observation and inference. b. failed to distinguish between correlation and causation. c. failed to consider the source of the information. d. utilized inductive thinking rather than deductive thinking.