As an opponent in value argumentation, to gain an advantage from the benefit of

presumption, what must you do?

(a) Be aware of how the value object is presently viewed in the field or by the
audience.
(b) Investigate what opinions have been formed about the value object, particularly
those of respected authorities in the field.
(c) Determine what value standards (criteria) are used to judge the value object and
what controversies exist about the value object at the present time.
(d) All of the above

D