Animals lack the ability to communicate using the language universal of __________

Debates as to whether alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of:

a. nature versus nurture. b. observation versus introspection. c. behavior versus mental processes. d. structuralism versus functionalism.

_____ results when the desire to do something comes from obtaining a reward or avoiding an undesirable consequence; _____ results when the desire to do something comes from within

a) Extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation b) Intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation c) Focused motivation; incentive-based motivation d) Extrinsic motivation; focused motivation