Civil liberties and political rights ratings tend to be less free in marginal states than they are in

Which of these incentives is an additional benefit to members of a customs union?

a. Increased levels of trade with nearby trading partners b. Decreased enforcement costs for economic regulations c. Protections against high levels of foreign direct investment d. Neutral resolution of disputes among frequent trading partners

Campaign ads that attack an opponent or opponents and try to raise doubts in voters’ minds about them are known as ______.

a. muckrakers b. negative campaign advertisements c. positional advertising d. counterproductive activities