_____ is based on the premise that people's behaviors result from conscious choices among alternatives, and that these alternatives are evaluated with respect to valence, among other things.

Observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as the __________

a) naturalistic observation method. b) experimental method. c) survey method. d) psychometric approach.

After taking part in a memory experiment, Clare's instructor reported her savings score was 50 percent. How did the instructor explain this score?

a) She recalled half the items on a recall test. b) She recognized half the items on a recognition test. c) She recalled half the items in order on a serial recall test. d) She needed half as many trials to relearn as in the original learning.