What is reasoning? What are its four principle forms? Identify and explain each of the four

What will be an ideal response?

The best answers will:
1. define reasoning (drawing inferences from facts)
2. identify the four principle forms (inductive, deductive, causal, and analogical).
3. Good answers will describe each of these four forms, but outstanding answers will, in addition, provide example arguments (hypothetical or from the textbook).