Summarize the approaches of structuralism and functionalism and describe their key differences
What will be an ideal response?
* Structuralism is the earliest approach in psychology, with the goal of analyzing the basic elements of conscious experience, and was founded by Edward Titchner.
* Titchner often used introspection as his primary method for reporting the contents of conscious experience.
* Functionalism is an approach to psychology that focused on the functions of the consciousness. William James was an early proponent.
* Functionalism was more interested in what the mind did and why, instead of its basic elements, and was therefore interested in applications of psychology.
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Which of the following restricts the scientific community's ability to provide a precise and plausible account of developmental change?
a. cross-sectional methods in which investigators examine differences in performance across age groups b. emphasis on Piaget's theory c. unresolved arguments about the origins of knowledge d. none of the above
The ego-ideal, which is the second part of the superego, consists of:
a. those behaviors for which children are punished. b. good or correct behaviors for which children are praised. c. the reality principle and its strivings for the ideal ego. d. ideals and principles the ego has rejected.