What is the "third-variable problem"?
a. When a researcher measures so many variables that it's difficult to make sense of the data.
b. When a research considers only one direction of causation between two variables that are strongly correlated.
c. When a researcher measures variables that are not relevant to the relationship he or she is most interested in.
d. When a researcher fails to consider that two variables may be correlated due only to the effects of some unmeasured third variable.
D
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Why, when we introspect about the reasons underlying our attitudes or feelings, do we believe the explanations we arrive at seem reasonable?
a. The reasons behind them were previously suppressed, but now brought to light. b. The reasons behind them are generally correct and seem objective. c. The reasons behind them were easy to verbalize. d. The reasons behind them are self-serving, and that enhances self-esteem.
Piaget argued that infants acquire knowledge through
a) sensation. b) perception. c) facts communicated by others. d) direct motor behavior.