A situation where a government runs out of cash and is unable to make minimum payments on its debt is known as a(n)

As distinct from the patronage system, the merit system for managing the bureaucracy

A. provides that all programs will be evaluated regularly to determine whether they merit continued funding. B. provides for a neutral administration in the sense that civil servants are not partisan appointees, thus ensuring neutral work. C. allows the president to appoint top officials of executive agencies, thus making the bureaucracy more responsive to election outcomes. D. provides for presidential leadership of the bureaucracy, thus giving it greater coordination and direction. E. All of these answers are correct.

Party labels ______.

A. offer a serviceable shorthand cue that keeps voting decisions cheap and simple for the voters B. are basically misleading and tend to confuse voters C. are usually downplayed during elections so voters do not normally know the party affiliation of the candidates D. no longer mean anything to most members of the electorate or candidates