Which of the following is FALSE about pretesting in experiments?

A. It can be a source of internal invalidity.
B. It measures the dependent variable prior to treatment.
C. It is exactly the same as a posttest, just administered at a different time.
D. It allows researchers to test for ambiguity in measurement instruments.

D. It allows researchers to test for ambiguity in measurement instruments.

Political Science

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In U.S. constitutional theory, the states possess:

A. reserved powers. B. delegated powers. C. implied powers. D. specified powers.

Political Science

Only a(n) __________ court can review the decisions of a lower court

a. trial b. original c. administrative d. appellate

Political Science