The issuance of new stocks or bonds are examples of

A tax on a previously untaxed monopoly-produced good will necessarily lower total welfare if

A) the demand curve is relatively inelastic. B) the demand curve is relatively elastic. C) less than the socially optimum is produced before the tax. D) more than the socially optimum is produced before the tax.

The term "bottleneck" refers to

a. when increasing amounts of variable inputs must share a fixed input. b. "fixity" of some factor of production c. None of the above d. Both a and b