If electric shock is used to make the sight and smell of alcohol a conditioned stimuli for an aversion response, the electric shock serves as the

The principle of object permanence is demonstrated by an infant's

laughing when a sibling makes faces. grasping a rattle and banging it on the floor. being willing to let go of an object. searching for a toy that has fallen from sight.

In contrast to substance abuse, ___________ refers to ingesting any legal or illegal substance that alters psychological functioning on more than a few occasions

A) drug addiction B) alcoholism C) substance use D) binge drinking