According to the 2009 hamburger standard, the country with the most overvalued currency relative to the United States dollar was

An increase in supply is shown by:

a) a movement up along the supply curve. b) a movement down along the supply curve. c) a rightward shift of the supply curve. d) a leftward shift of the supply curve. e) an initial movement up and then down along the same supply curve.

Financial intermediaries are able to exploit economies of scale since

A) the equipment or expertise necessary for one transaction can be applied to other transactions. B) they have special licenses needed to perform financial transactions. C) financial markets fail to do so. D) they can reduce transactions cost, but not information costs.