Hannibal is presented with a series of cards that are blots of ink. He is asked to state what he sees on these cards. Hannibal is probably taking a(n)

a. personality inventory.
b. response inventory

Juan wants to teach his dog to bark when someone comes into the yard. At first, he rewards the dog whenever it barks. Then he rewards the dog only if it barks when a person walks by the house. Next, the dog is rewarded for barking only if a person stops by the house, then only if the person touches the gate. Finally, the dog is rewarded only for barking when a person actually opens the gate and enters the yard. Juan is using a step-by-step learning technique called

a) discrimination. b) generalization. c) negative reinforcement. d) shaping.

How would a therapist who endorses Carl Rogers's approach to therapy interact with clients?

a. observe the client's behavior and then give critical feedback b. discuss the client's problems and concerns as he or she understands them c. have the client complete a test of the five-factor model of personality d. have the client take projective personality tests