Regarding the psychological causes of anxiety disorders, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Psychologists who take a cognitive view believe that distorted thinking causes people to magnify ordinary threats and failures, which leads to distress and anxiety.
b. Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers believed that anxious individuals have built up unrealistic, mental images of themselves.
c. A behaviorist would explain that the powerful reward of immediate relief from anxiety keeps self-defeating avoidance behaviors alive.
d. Psychologists who take an existential view emphasize that unhealthy anxiety is caused by forbidden id impulses for sex or aggression that threaten to break through into behavior.
ANSWER: d
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Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
Michelle constantly tells her boyfriend Niccolai that he
doesn't pay attention to her, and that this is why she tends to nag him to pay attention. Her repeated criticisms cause Niccolai to tune her out, which causes her to nag him even more. This bidirectional pattern of influence is what Albert Bandura would have called A) reciprocal determinism. Correct. Reciprocal determinism suggests that various behaviors affect each other mutually, at the same time. B) scientific skepticism. C) the premise of Occam's razor. Incorrect. Occam's razor suggests that the simplest explanation for a phenomenon is usually the most accurate explanation. It is not related to this question. D) cyclical impingement.