Demand-side market failures refer to those situations when there is a shortage in the market because buyers want to buy more than what is available in the market.

Which of the following is associated with a contractionary monetary policy?

A) raising bond prices B) selling bonds C) lowering the required reserve ratio D) lowering the differential between the discount rate and the federal funds rate

Grade inflation at colleges and universities is _________ to general price inflation in that ______________

A) similar; both can be deceptive. B) not comparable; it is impossible for grades to be inflated. C) similar; grades tend to go up when prices are rising. D) not comparable; grades tend to fall while prices tend to rise.