As a firm increases its level of debt relative to its level of equity, the firm is ________

Which of the following is considered research and development costs?

a. Planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge. b. Translation of research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process. c. Translation of research findings or other knowledge into a significant improvement of an existing product. d. all of the above.

____________ - Limited Liability type of business organization in Japan

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).