There is no clear research evidence to support Freud's notion that self-directed anger is a

One medical response to sleep problems of the elderly is to prescribe narcotic medications to help them sleep. Unlike its effect on younger adults, the usual dose of a sleep aid in older adults can

cause very light sleep. make them too alert. make them more steady on their feet. impair wakefulness and cause confusion.

Some people have suggested that oxytocin could act as a "love or cuddle hormone" or "liquid trust." Which of the following is a reason given in the textbook why this is an oversimplification?

a. Oxytocin actually decreases attraction and trust in most people. b. Giving people doses of oxytocin makes them more likely to favor their own group over other groups, and increases defensive aggression against outsiders. c. Oxytocin increases attraction and trust in non-human animals, but has no effect in humans. d. Giving people doses of oxytocin only works if it is administered along with vasopressin.