Negative reinforcement is best thought of as __________.
A. reinforcement for an undesirable activity
B. punishment
C. something that was predicted to serve as reinforcement but did not do so
D. stimuli whose termination or removal increases behavior
Answer: D
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A team of researchers has developed a structured interview to diagnose a new type of personality disorder. A series of trials to check the reliability of the structured interview yields a kappa of .75. How should the researchers view this result?
a. The kappa is so low they decide to abandon the project. b. The kappa is not at an acceptable level but encouraging for a new instrument that can be improved. c. Kappa is not the appropriate measure to be used when evaluating the reliability of a new diagnostic category. d. The kappa is at an acceptable level for well-established diagnostic instruments, so the interview is ready to be used in clinical settings.
According to the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, the lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse is approximately what percentage of the general population?
a. 5 b. 15 c. 30 d. 50