What is the normal ratio of HCO3– to carbonic acid in healthy individuals?

You are assessing a 12-year-old female in respiratory distress and with a history of asthma. Which statement, made by her mother, would be most concerning?

A) "The doctor stopped her prescription for steroids." B) "Two years ago she needed to have a breathing tube inserted into her throat." C) "Her asthma started bothering her last night." D) "There is a history of asthma on her father's side of the family."

Carla was putting away a shipment of laboratory chemicals when she noticed that a bottle of formaldehyde was leaking. The liquid ran down her arm while she was taking the bottle to the laboratory sink. Almost immediately, her arm became red and irritated. She asks you what she should do. If you are not familiar with the emergency first aid steps for a formaldehyde exposure, what is the first thing you should do? 

A. Use a lab towel to wipe her arm dry B. Consult the MSDS to find appropriate first aid measures for formaldehyde C. Tell Carla to take the rest of the day off and rest her arm D. Send Carla to the Emergency Room at the nearest hospital E. Pour alcohol over her arm to relieve the irritation