If banks have no excess reserves, and the required reserve ratio is raised, the amount that banks can lend is:
A. reduced and the money supply contracts.
B. reduced and the money supply expands.
C. reduced and there is no change in the money supply.
D. increased and the money supply expands.
Answer: A
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The very low inflation that the U.S. experienced in 2009 and 2010
a. appears to have reduced expected inflation, and the short-run Phillips curve shifted downward as a result. b. appears to have reduced expected inflation, and the short-run Phillips curve shifted upward as a result. c. does not appear to have reduced expected inflation, and the short-run Phillips curve remained relatively stable as a result. d. does not appear to have reduced expected inflation, but the short-run Phillips curve shifted dramatically nevertheless.
Joe is maximizing utility by consuming three colas at $2 apiece and four hot dogs. The last cola gave him 200 units of utility, and the last hot dog gave him 300 units of utility. The price of each hot dog is:
A. $1.00. B. $0.50. C. $3.00. D. $1.50.