Causality is inferred in a nonequivalent control-group design when
A) the control group remains essentially the same from pretreatment to post-treatment measures but the experimental group changes markedly in the predicted direction.
B) the experimental group remains essentially the same from pretreatment to post-treatment measures but the control group changes markedly in the predicted direction.
C) the control group and the experimental group remain essentially the same from pretreatment to post-treatment measures.
D) the control group and the experimental group change markedly in the predicted direction.
Answer: A
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