__________ federalism recognizes that while the national government is supreme in some spheres, the state governments remain supreme in others, with layers of authority separate from one another, an arrangement that political scientists compared to a "layer cake."

How do we know that the opinions of people who call in to radio talk shows are not typical of most Americans?

a. As a sample, they are unrepresentative of the whole population. b. As a sample, they are perfectly random. c. As a sample, they lack intensity. d. As a sample, their opinions are ill formed.

What is the criteria of authenticity also known as?

a) validity checks b) external criticism c) internal criticism d) accuracy