The highest law of the land, our U.S. Constitution, is purposely vague and general, thus leaving much to be interpreted by judges.

The term bureaucratic rings refers to the

a. clientelistic networks established by private interests and mid-level bureaucrats. b. organizational structure of the Brazilian bureaucracy. c. close links between private interests, mid-level bureaucrats, and legislators. d. close links between domestic private interests, foreign commercial interests, and legislators. e. clientelistic networks established between foreign commercial interests and mid-level bureaucrats.

An effective public sector manager

a. needs to be sensitive to the ethical and moral issues surrounding public service. b. has no need for ethical sensitivities, only technical skills. c. has little need for interpersonal skills as processing paper forms is the main activity. d. does not need to know about the processes of government.