According to Piaget, toddlers intentionally try new behaviors to determine what their effects will be. What stage is this?

Anna, a one year old, fears being away from her mother. It appears that Anna has

a. an attachment disorder. b. stranger anxiety. c. generalized anxiety. d. separation anxiety. e. Parten's syndrome

Which of the following factors is associated with the fact that parents with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to have the authoritarian parenting style than are parents with higher socioeconomic status?

a. Parents with lower socioeconomic status are more educated and consequently often see development as a more complex process that requires a more child-friendly approach. b. Parents with higher socioeconomic status often lead more stressful lives so parents may be too stressed to invest the energy needed for authoritative parenting. c. Parents with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to live in neighborhoods where there is violence, drugs, and crime, so having an authoritarian style may actually protect children growing up in dangerous neighborhoods. d. Parents with higher socioeconomic status place a stronger emphasis on family ties and respecting the roles of parents leads them to adopt the authoritarian parenting style more so than parents with lower socioeconomic status.