4/5 x 1/3 = _______

Research findings have substantiated:

a. early intervention following a critical incident lessens the amount of subsequent emotional trauma for emergency responders. b. it is beneficial for an emergency responder to have the PIO arrange for a news interview as quickly as possible following a critical incident. c. caffeine and tobacco have little effect on an emergency responder following a critical incident. d. no relationship exists between physical exercise and level of stress hormones following a critical incident.

Your EMS partner has been through some hard times lately. He broke up with his wife a few months ago, and his father died last month. After not smoking for years, he's taken it up again and now chain-smokes. He's sometimes rude to patients, and when you try to talk with him about this, he cuts you off. Your partner is using stress management techniques best described as:

A) normal. B) defensive. C) detrimental. D) neutral.