The idea that "supply creates its own demand" is attributed to which of the following economists?

Which of the following actions of the Fed would increase the money supply?

a. The purchase of U.S. government securities. b. A reduction in the discount rate. c. A reduction in the required reserve ratio. d. All of the above are correct.

Other things the same, which of the following would a rise in the real interest rate raise: desired investment spending, desired national saving, desired net capital outflow?