An absolute contraindication to PEEP is which of the following?
a. Emphysema
b. Bronchopleural fistula
c. Untreated tension pneumothorax
d. Elevated intracranial pressures
ANS: C
An absolute contraindication to PEEP is a tension pneumothorax. PEEP must be used with care in patients with bronchopleural fistulas and elevated intracranial pressures. PEEP also must be used with care in patients with emphysema, because it may increase hyperinflation, which can lead to compression of adjacent capillaries.
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