In contrast to Piaget, Vygotsky emphasized that cognitive development is mediated through

A small boy has just recently delighted his parents because he learned to call his father "daddy."

However, it has now become an embarrassment to his mother when she takes him out with her because he keeps calling other men "daddy." This is an example of: a) associative linkage. b) stimulus generalization. c) higher-order conditioning. d) spontaneous recovery.

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while, he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the _____ is the unconditioned stimulus.

A) presence of Alan near the aquarium B) fish swimming to the top C) fish food D) aquarium light