The most important liberal principle that supports a doctrine of humanitarian interventions is

In the McCulloch v. Maryland decision, Justice Marshall contended that the power to create a national bank

a. is prohibited by the Constitution. b. is clearly expressed in the Constitution. c. can be granted to the states only by the Constitution. d. is implied by the Constitution.

Professor Nguyen is interested in studying the effects of gender on shopping practices. In her study, she distinguishes between gender by having a variable which takes on the value of 1 for females and takes on the value of 0 for males. This is an example of using a(n):

A. Dummy variable B. Coded variable C. Imperfect variable D. Identified variable