Which of the following hemodynamic changes are commonly seen in a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
1. Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
2. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
3. Decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure (PA)
4. Decreased cardiac output (CO)
a. 1, 4
b. 2, 3
c. 1, 2, 3
d. 1, 2, 3, 4
A
Patients with pulmonary edema (hypervolemia) will have an increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and decreased cardiac output (CO). The lung damage caused by COPD leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The PA pressure will be increased with pulmonary edema.
You might also like to view...
A 22-year-old was struck by a car as he was crossing the highway. You immediately notice that his right leg is deformed with bone protruding from the wound. When you ask him how he is feeling, he says that his back hurts. Which one of the following best describes the patient's chief complaint?
A) Struck by a car B) Bleeding C) Back pain D) Broken leg
The items that the driver/operator is responsible for should be dictated by:
A. Driver/operator B. Company Officer C. Dept. SOP D. None of the above