During a war, a government will often draft people, most of whom are presently employed, into the army. An economist, computing the real cost of the war, would be sure to include which of the following items?

a. the value of the civilian goods no longer produced by the new soldiers
b. the cost of feeding and clothing the new soldiers
c. the dollar cost of the payroll
d. the higher prices of civilian goods due to wartime shortages
e. the cost of transporting the soldiers to combat

a