Refer to the diagram. At the profit-maximizing level of output, total revenue will be:

In the efficiency wage model, an increase in productivity will cause

A) no change in the real wage. B) an increase in the real wage. C) a decrease in the real wage. D) an increase in both the real wage and the level of employment.

JoAnn considers cola and plain sparkling water to be good substitutes. Suppose the price of sugar, a key ingredient used to produce cola, falls. According to the substitution effect, which of the following is most likely to occur?

a. JoAnn will purchase less cola and more sparkling water. b. JoAnn will purchase more cola and less sparkling water. c. JoAnn will purchase more of all goods due to her higher real income. d. JoAnn's demand curve will decrease (shift in), causing her to purchase less cola.