The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as

The development of formal operations in adolescence leads to ________

a. extroverted behavior b. thinking in terms of concrete things c. a lessening of self-analysis compared to preoperational thought d. overconfidence and egocentrism

Which of the following is the child's ability to conform to parental standards of behavior without direct supervision?

A) Independence B) Interdependence C) Self-evaluation D) Self-regulation