Discuss the role of communities in music-cultures using the music-culture performance model
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
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• Communities carry the cultural traditions and norms, social processes and activities, and ideas of performance that enable musical performances and make sense of them.
• Communities need not consist of people living in geographical proximity; they may include people who live far from one another but who gather on particular occasions or are linked via media such as the Internet.
• Musical communities may be largely participatory, in which case most if not all people perform music in groups; or they may be largely accustomed to identifying themselves as performers or audience.
• Communities carry the memory of music from the past and construct histories of music that inform the present and help shape the futures of music.
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Which of the following best characterizes Western presence in Africa and Asia by 1750?
a. Westerners had toppled indigenous political powers and set up direct rule of extensive colonial holdings. b. Western presence was limited to coastal forts. c. Westerners had failed to establish a lasting and pervasive presence d. Substantial immigration of Europeans into Asian and African societies served as a basis for Western dominance. e. Conversion of a majority of Africans and Asians to Christianity made military conquest redundant.
The imperial portraits Augustus of Primaporta (Fig. 6-19) and the Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius (Fig. 6-57) share what detail?
A. the sculptural material B. the imperial costume C. the symbols of their divine ancestry D. the arm gesture