The frustration-aggression hypothesis is best illustrated by which of the following?
A) You are hungry, and so you get something from the refrigerator to eat.
B) You are hungry, and you decide to eat some leftovers from last night; when you go to the kitchen, you see that your sister left them out all night and that they are now moldy, so you yell at her.
C) You are hungry, but you have planned a special dinner with your spouse, and so you decide not to snack before dinner; instead, you watch TV.
D) You are hungry, but there is nothing good in the house to eat; you go to the store and purchase a frozen dinner and some soda.
E) None of the above illustrates the frustration-aggression hypothesis.
B
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Anthony read a study with several hundred subjects in the Journal
of the American Medical Association that stated there is a link between working night shifts and the risk of heart attacks. Anthony knew the study was not correct because his Dad and his uncles had worked the night shift for decades and none of them had heart trouble. Anthony is not thinking critically because he is being swayed too much by _____ a) independent thinking. b) anecdotal evidence. c) heuristic value. d) the journal's authority.
Someone who does not believe in ethical realism might argue that
A) what is right or wrong is never an absolute. B) not having absolute standards could lead to social chaos. C) moral values should always be a personal decision. D) religion provides no guidelines for moral behavior.