Allison is irrationally afraid of being inside elevators, small closets, and small vehicles. She is so afraid of being in small spaces that she avoids them altogether. While visiting Chicago with her friends, Allison refused to go to the top of the Sears Tower because it would involve riding in an elevator. Her extreme fear of small spaces is _____.

Why is ammonia added to smoking tobacco?

a) Ammonia helps nicotine get absorbed into the bloodstream more efficiently b) Ammonia helps the body break nicotine down and reduces the duration of effect. c) Ammonia reduces the rate of nicotine metabolism producing a longer duration of effect. d) Ammonia helps trap tar in the cigarette filter, reducing carcinogens in smoke.

Tag questions, disclaimers, question statements, and hedge words all tend to ____

a. reflect power differences in same-sex communication b. decrease the speaker's perceived assertiveness of speech c. maximize disagreements d. encourage members to value group needs over their individual needs