A modified cage containing levers or buttons that can be pressed or pecked by animals and is used to investigate operant conditioning is referred to as a ____

Which of the following statements about a school-age child's ability to use hypothetico-deductive reasoning is true?

A) She can sort out evidence that bears on three or more variables at once. B) She can understand that hypotheses must be confirmed by appropriate evidence. C) She can easily explain why a pattern of observations supports a hypothesis. D) She cannot reason logically in make-believe play when a simple set of premises defies real-world knowledge.

Miranda's friends think Miranda drinks too much and are worried about it. When they confront Miranda, she says she knows she has a problem but doesn't know what to do about it. Which stage is Miranda at in changing her unhealthy behavior?

a. ?contemplation b. ?preparation c. ?precontemplation d. ?action